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GMAT句子改錯高頻考點----代詞的用法+例題講解

同學(xué)們在備考GMAT過程當(dāng)中肯定有遇到過代詞的問題，那很多同學(xué)一遇見代詞的問題就認為是指代不明，這樣的思維太過武斷，今天申友GMAT的Verna老師帶著大家來看看GMAT里涉及代詞部分的一個考法和一些特點。

首先，在英語里，有眾多的代詞，有人稱代詞，比如，l  you   they  her ,us ,it等；當(dāng)然也有物主代詞像mine、yours、his；反身代詞myself、yourself；、指示代詞this、that；不定代詞some、 any等等。那在GMAT中?？嫉拇~有如下這些：

1、it/they/them

2、that/those

3、this

4、itself

5、one/the one

6、each

7、other/the other/others/another/each other

8、which

在這里提幾個高頻的，比如it，它可以指代上文提到的事物和想法，可以指代天氣、環(huán)境、季節(jié)、時間、距離，當(dāng)然it也可作形式主語或形式賓語，看看下面兩個句子

1）Nobody knows exactly how many languages there are in the world, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between a language and the sublanguages or dialects within it

2）l find it difficult to work with him

3）it was a pity that you didn't go camping

最經(jīng)典的一道例題就是這一題：

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

 A、Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

B、An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

 C、An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

D、Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.

E、Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

解析如下：

(A)錯誤1：代詞指代：代詞出現(xiàn)在主語位置時，如果可能，則優(yōu)先指代相鄰主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(即“平行指代”優(yōu)先)。因此“it has worked well in the past”中的“it”語法上優(yōu)先指代“Heavy commitment”。但實際上指代“a course of action”，所以同一個代詞指代了不同內(nèi)容，錯。

(B) 句子意思：沒有明確“missing signs of incipient trouble……”動作的發(fā)出者，沒有(E)準確。(E)中“……is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble……”直接明確了主語”是“executive”去miss signs。

（C)代詞指代：“it has worked well in the past”中的代詞“it”應(yīng)該指代“a course of action”，但語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，它離它正確應(yīng)該指代的a course of action太遠了，因此指代不明。

(D)代詞指代：又是兩個“them”和一個“they”。第一個“them”指代“Executives”，第二個“them”和“they”指代“signs”，因此指代不明。

(E) 動名詞短語“Being heavily committed to a course of action”是主句的主語，其謂語為“is likely to……”，不定代詞“one”特指“a course of action”，固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”的用法可以明確判斷出“miss signs……”的邏輯主語為“an executive”表意準確。

所以句子大意應(yīng)該是： 過度投入到一種行動（或做法）中，尤其是這種在過去效果良好的行動（或做法），很可能會使一個執(zhí)行官錯過未來麻煩的信號，或在信號出現(xiàn)時誤讀它們。

那還比較?？嫉拇~就是that/those，it/they，那為什么要這樣分類它們呢，是因為it /they是完全指代，帶上前面修飾成分一起指代，表示整體的這些，同一批，同一些，而that/those是不完全指代，即部分指代。

只指代一個名詞，不帶修飾，表示換了一個/些。比如這個句子：students in CD are more than those in SH，很明顯是成都的學(xué)生和上海的學(xué)生，大概念都是學(xué)生，分不同批次的學(xué)生，用those部分指代。

當(dāng)然，還有我們的this在句里不裸奔，必須后面要跟名詞，再接謂語，比如the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green，這里的this cause就是錯誤的哦，按照gmat規(guī)則來考這個試，應(yīng)該就沒什么問題。以及我們的反身代詞在gmat里表示強調(diào)，比如

1）強調(diào)主語

he himself did it.

he did it himself.

2）強調(diào)賓語

l want to see the boss himself

我要見老板本人

那今天就給大家介紹那么多，希望大家都從邏輯語義以及整個句子要表達的意思去做SC，而不要死扣語法點，加油！

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