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Two works published in 1984 demonstrate

contrasting approaches to writing the history of

United States women. Buel and Buel’s biography of Mary Fish (1736–1818) makes little effort to place her story in the context of recent historiography on women. Lebsock, meanwhile, attempts not only to write the history of women in one southern community, but also to redirect two decades of historiographical debate as to

whether women gained or lost status in the nineteenth century as compared with the eighteenth century. Although both books offer the reader the opportunity to assess this controversy

regarding women’s status, only Lebsock’s deals with it directly. She examines several different aspects

of women’s status, helping to refine and resolve the issues. She concludes that while

women gained autonomy in some areas, especially in the private sphere, they lost it in many aspects of the economic sphere. More

importantly, she shows that the debate itself

depends on frame of reference: in many respects, women lost power in relation to men, for example, as certain jobs (delivering babies, supervising

schools) were taken over by men. Yet women also gained power in comparison with their previous status, owning a higher proportion of real estate, for example. In contrast, Buel and Buel’s

biography provides ample raw material for questioning the myth, fostered by some historians, of a colonial golden age in the eighteenth century but does not give the reader much guidance in analyzing the controversy over women’s status.

The passage suggests that Lebsock believes that compared to nineteenth-century American women, eighteenth-century American women were

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Inference

This question requires making an inference based on information given in the passage. As part of the passage’s description of Lebsock’s contribution to the historiographical debate about women’s status in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Lebsock’s conclusions

about women’s autonomy are described. As part of this description, the passage cites Lebsock’s conclusion that nineteenth-century women lost economic autonomy when compared to eighteenth-century women (lines 17–20).

A.The passage states that in many ways women in the nineteenth century lost power in relation to men (line 23), which would imply that in those respects eighteenth-century women had more power in relation to men, not less. The only increase mentioned in nineteenth-century women’s power is associated with owning more real estate.

B.The passage states that more nineteenth-century women owned real estate.

C.Correct. As the passage states, Lebsock concluded that nineteenth-century women lost economic autonomy compared to eighteenth-century women.

D.The passage states that nineteenth-century women gained more independence in their private lives.

E.The passage cites school superintendents as an example of an occupation more likely to be held by eighteenth-century women.

The correct answer is C.